Orchidaceae, the second largest plant family, is the most diverse and highly evolved amongst angiosperms which constitute about 40% of the monocotyledonous taxa. Links neptune wb 1984 the culture of dendrobium nobile. Genetic regulation of flower traits in dendrobium univ. Two hundred and twentyfour dna sequences were aligned with clustalw software. A phylogenetic analysis based on the maximum parsimony mp was performed. Except for its and matk sequences of dendrobium ovatum obtained from genbank accession id for its. Cultivation of dendrobium orchids home gardening ph. Orchids have occupied a significant position in the world cutflower industry for their attractive, beautiful range of colours, variation in shape and long shelf life. The most parsimonious tree of ap3def like genes in plants based on an alignment of. Growth of floriculture industry depends on continuous influx of new and novel cultivars.
Flowering time for a single flower is generally longer than 6 days, and the longest is 21 days, such as in d. Such characters are largely governed by genetic changes or get modulated according to ecological adaptations. It is a morphological anomaly in that the ovary consists of two cycles of carpels which, in the ancestor, arise on the receptacle at different levels as dissimilar orders of organs. The recent taxonomical studies imply that distinctly. The longevity of the flower ranges from 5 to 23 days with a maximum recorded in d.
Orchid, family orchidaceae, any of nearly 1,000 genera and more than 22,000 species of attractively flowered plants distributed throughout the world, especially in wet tropics. Hm055325, all sequence data were obtained by our own analyses. Dendrobium is a family of plants well over 200 commonly used that has a history of medicinal usage in east asia. Orchidaceae is a member of asparagales, an order of monocotyledonous flowering plants that also includes the asparagus and iris families. Comparative leaf and root anatomy of two dendrobium species. The bioactivities vary depending on species, but it appears many cater towards reducing inflammation and as a digestive aid. B provide a brief description of the distribution and the morphology of the dendrobium section callista and of d. The pistillate flower of carica papaya is a pleurogynous unisexual form derived intraspecifically from a perigynous bisexual ancestor. The flower morphology in three convallariaceae species with various attractive traits article pdf available march 2017 with 297 reads how we measure reads. Growth habit based on the growth habit, orchids are grouped into two types, viz, sympodial and monopodial.
These genetic elements will be later used to generate new flower colors. Molecular phylogenetics and character evolution of. A novel case of autogamy and cleistogamy in dendrobium. Flower morphology of dendrobium moniliforme wildtype a, the double petal. Review of research on dendrobium sonia28, a hybrid from. The plants also exhibit a variety of sizes and shapes, including flower color, scent and size. The species is also reportedly naturalized in hawaii. The genus of dendrobium is accounted to be the main orchid cutflower export for malaysia and also for other.
A detailed new classification of the orchid family is currently being produced under. It is a neat, compact, attractive plant, even when not in bloom, and it is easy to grow and rewards one with an array of beautiful, long lasting, fragrant flowers in shades of white. Modulations in seed micromorphology reveal signature of. Morphological effects of induced polyploidy in dendrobium. Variability in flower is important for new variety to. During speciation in flowering plants, many morphological characters were evolved in response to continuous selection pressure. Index terms dendrobium, morphology, phenology, phenophase. In hawaii dendrobium orchids contribute most of the revenues earned through floriculture. Water every 5 7 days soil should dry out between waterings. Click below on a thumbnail map or name for species profiles. It has the effect of nourishing the stomach, nourishing yin and clearing heat.
Dendrobium nobile is an epiphytic or lithophytic plant native to southern china including tibet, the himalayas india, bangladesh, assam, nepal, sikkim, bhutan, and indochina myanmar, thailand, laos, vietnam. Normally, it takes 34 years before it is capable of flowering. The primary characteristics that distinguish the orchids as a group are found in the flower. The word orchid is derived from the greek word orchis for testicle because of.
Do not plant this flower in a large planter or directly in the ground as it prefers the security of a tighter space. Flower morphology flowering plants have reproductive structures that attract pollinators, such as bees and hummingbirds, that aid in dispersing pollen to flowering plants. The bulk of the pentamerous ovary and the dorsal carpellary vascular. Plb proliferation, in vitro floral morphology, and fruit formation in the culture of d. Dendrobium plants are the most frequently used orchids to study the process of in vitro flowering. Morphological and microscopic identification of three. The dendrogram of coelogyne spp based on morphology characters is. Dendrobium candidiun, wall, ex lindi is a wild orchid specics from china. Floral morphology and reproductive biology of dendrobium. The relationships between floral morphology and the particular pollinator, flower shelter function and reproductive success as well as details of the breeding system of dendrobium jiajiangense. Intriguingly, as one of the largest genera in orchidaceae, 72% of dendrobium. Barkeria melanocaulon is a lovely miniature orchid with lavender 2 inch wide flowers, blooming in the summer. Dendrobiums are one of the most popular orchids for their medicinal and commercial.
Barkeria uniflora synonym barkeria elegans is a type species. Wilford neptune although i grow 155 genera, this is my favorite of all the orchids. Dendrobium nobile and its hybrids are a bit trickier to grow than their cousins, the dendrobium phalaenopsis hybridsbut they are so worth it. Dendrobium orchids production has steadily increased in india with well. Through this collaborative site, we are creating the opportunity for breeders, growers, wholesalers and florists to share their knowledge and passion for the incredible diversity of flowers that make our industry so. In the cut flower industry, dendrobium hasone of the top positions martin and madassery, 2006. Genetic transformation and analysis of protein protein. This research will isolate and characterize the genetic elements that control the most important floral characters. Essay on characteristics and morphology of dendrobium. To explore the potential of latter, a novel comparative analysis of seed micromorphology and ultrastructure was performed in twenty species in the genus. Orchid orchid characteristic morphological features.
The graceful dendrobium blooms in a wide range of size and colors, from yellows and browns to pinks and purples, it flowers early spring to midsummer and is native to asia, australia, and the pacific islands. Dendrobiums are found in diverse habitats throughout much of south. The genus dendrobium dendros tree and bios life was established by the swedish botanist olaf swartz in 1799 and contains the largest number of species. The comparisons between the three plants are apparent when they are in flower. At the bottom of an unspecialized nonorchid flower is the stem that supports it, called the pedicel. Morphological characterization of coelogyne spp for germplasm. Some plants, however, are instead dependent on the wind to pollinate. Among the various environmental cues and plant growth regulators employed thus far, cytokinins have shown the most prominent effects on the transition from vegetative to. Dendrobium is an important medicinal material in china. The color, morphology, number of stem nodes, and number of flowers on the stem node were recorded and photographed. Pdf dendrobium consists of 1600 species of sympodial epiphytic orchids. Dendrobium supplement health benefits, dosage, side. Genetic transformation and analysis of proteinprotein interaction of class b madsbox genes from dendrobium moniliforme 167 fig.
Dendrobium orchids flowers by category sierra flower. According to differences in morphology, dendrobium can be divided into dozens of varieties, including dendrobium officinale, dendrobium nobile, dendrobium huoshanense, dendrobium chrysanthum, dendrobium loddigesii, dendrobium fimbriatum, and so on. The effects of plant hormones and polyamines on flower initiation have been investigated in tissue culture of this species. It has more tender habit, flowers are smaller, light pink with purple markings on a lip. Dendrobium is one of the widely cultivated orchid in the philippines, and is also one of the largest genus of tropical orchids, which is composed of about 1,200 species. Morphological characterization of 6 orchids was carried out based on 30.
The relationships between floral morphology and the particular pollinator, flower shelter function and reproductive success as well as details of the breeding system of dendrobium jiajiangense were investigated at fotang mountains in jiajiang county, sichuan province, china. C provide a brief description of the distribution and the morphology of the dendrobium section dendrobium and of d. The present study is aimed at distinguishing three major dendrobium species from morphological and microscopic identification in ta. Mcconnell jh and kamemoto h 1993 morphology and meiotic behavior of three dendrobium amphidiploids and their diploid counterparts. Abstract this study was conducted to determine the diversity of flowers morphology and distinguishing morphological characters of each flower on a few species in the genus dendrobium orchid. Dendrobium orchids do not produce extensive root systems so they thrive in smaller spaces. Orchid characteristic morphological features britannica. Flower morphology free download as powerpoint presentation. Dendrobium sonia is a commercial hybrid which is popular as cut flower and potted plant in malaysia. Dendrobium capra and dendrobium arcuatum are closely related in phylogeny, but they have very contrasting vegetative morphology and habitats. Dendrobiums are popular for cut flowers and for interioscaping. We have many more dendrobium stock images in our vast orchid picture library, so email us if you need to search further and well create a personalized online lightbox with more uploads. The short spikes turn an unsightly brown see above after the flowers have fallen, so i like to remove them with a razor blade, cutting as close to the stem as is reasonably possible. In the dendrobium genus, autopolyploidyresults in increased floral pieces with larger sizes and widths of petalsandor sepals as well as greater durability of flowering, greater fertility anda decreased number of flowers per pseudobulb chaicharoen and aejew 1981, chaicharoen 1995, mcconnell and kamemoto 1993, ketsa et al.
Dendrobium consists of 1600 species of sympodial epiphytic orchids. Directly above, and at the base of the flower itself, is a whorl of green, leaflike organs called sepals. Pdf the flower morphology in three convallariaceae. Post fertilization phenophase is the longest period exhibited by all the species under study, for instance seedpod initiation to maturity ranges from 56 to 120 days. Flowering times of most species are between 8 and 11 days, such as in d. In china, there are many types of dendrobium, and different dendrobium species have different efficacy. Morphological type identification of selfincompatibility. Self and crosspollination were performed in 26 dendrobium species over a 2year period table 1. Reproductive phenology and morphological analysis of. Dendrobium implicatum closedflower dendrobium dendrobium kerstingianum kerstings dendrobium dendrobium kraemeri kraemers dendrobium dendrobium linguiforme.
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